What condition involves a loss of memory and reasoning due to organic mental illness?

Cognitive impairment refers to a decline in memory and reasoning abilities, often due to an organic mental illness, such as dementia or other neurological conditions. This term encompasses various forms of mental decline that can affect daily functioning and decision-making. It is characterized by difficulties in processing information, retaining memories, and reasoning logically, which can stem from physical changes in the brain or other medical conditions.

The other options do not directly relate to the concept of memory and reasoning loss due to organic mental illness. Long-term disability typically refers to an inability to work due to health issues, without specifying cognitive aspects. A viatical settlement involves selling a life insurance policy for a lump sum payment when facing terminal illness but does not pertain to cognitive impairment. A reduced paid-up policy is a form of insurance that allows the policyholder to retain a lesser amount of coverage without further premium payments, which also does not connect to cognitive decline.